Swift syntax overview

Swift syntax is designed to be clear, concise, and expressive, aiming to enhance readability and developer productivity. 


1. Variables and Constants: Variables are declared using var keyword, and constants are declared using let. Example:

   swift code

   var age = 24

   let name = "@hiren_syl"

   


2. Type Annotations and Type Inference: Swift supports both explicit type annotations and type inference.

   swift code

   var score: Int = 100

   var message = "Hello, World!" // type inferred as String

   


3. Optionals: Optionals represent the presence or absence of a value. They are declared by appending ? to the type.

   swift code

   var optionalName: String? = "John"

   


4. Basic Operators: Swift supports standard operators like arithmetic, comparison, and logical operators.

   swift code

   let sum = 5 + 3

   let isGreater = 10 > 5

   


5. Control Flow: Swift provides control flow statements such as if, switch, for-in, while, and repeat-while.

   swift code

   if score >= 90 {

       print("Excellent!")

   } else if score >= 60 {

       print("Pass")

   } else {

       print("Fail")

   }

   


6. Functions: Functions in Swift are defined using func keyword.

   swift code

   func greet(name: String) > String {

       return "Hello, \(name)!"

   }

   


7. Closures: Closures are self-contained blocks of functionality that can be passed around and used in Swift.

   swift code

   let greeting = { (name: String) > String in

       return "Hello, \(name)!"

   }

   


8. Classes, Structures, and Enums: Swift supports object-oriented programming with classes and structures, and it also has powerful enum types.

   swift code

   class Person {

       var name: String

       init(name: String) {

           self.name = name

       }

   }

   


9. Optionals and Type Casting: Swift provides robust mechanisms for handling optionals and type casting.

   swift code

   if let unwrappedName = optionalName {

       print("Hello, \(unwrappedName)")

   }

   


10. Error Handling: Swift uses do-catch blocks for handling errors.

    swift code

    do {

        let result = try performOperation()

    } catch {

        print("Error: \(error)")

    }

    


11. Generics: Swift supports generics, enabling you to write flexible and reusable functions and types.

    swift code

    func repeatItem<T>(item: T, times: Int) > [T] {

        var result = [T]()

        for _ in 0..<times {

            result.append(item)

        }

        return result

    }

    


12. Memory Management: Swift uses Automatic Reference Counting (ARC) to manage memory automatically.

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